World Wide Web (the Internet in the modern

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Heir underlying architecture is quietly settling in and their institutional momentum is growing, Chaum believes. Ultimately, it threatens democracy, reduces individuals' sense of security, and even contributes to national vulnerability.So he proposed a solution to this vicious cycle: " Broadcast all its messages to all individuals, and then each individual's e-mail broadcast is scanned by a computer for messages addressed to any alias of its owner" and passed on " Digital signature" for encryption .This is exactly the idea of ​​"decentralization".But in fact, Qiaomu's ideas did not seem to be very appropriate at the time. After all


even the sense) had not yet appeared at that time, and it was difficult for people to imagine what it would be like to be controlled by a computer.In fact, judging from the trajectory of the 1990s, most freedom of thought was Iceland Phone Number  brought about by the Internet. People expect that the Internet will end the history of centralization and become a bridge for freedom of communication for all mankind. But this is just a pretense. Since then.



as all the resources on the Internet began to gather towards giants, monopoly has become the norm on the Internet. Take Google and Facebook as examples. The online assets they owned once accounted for more than 70% of all Internet traffic, becoming de facto "data czars." And through big data technology, they can spy on everything about people, including their behaviors and thoughts.This "monopoly" of the Internet may be more clearly felt by ordinary people in recent years.Against this background,